Stage 1 - Sensing

Highlights

• Three categories of measurement are identified: physiological vital signs, psychological indicators, and comfort factors. Mental health among seafarers is noted as one of the most under-monitored areas in the industry
• Consumer wearables are shown to fail in maritime conditions, so devices must be waterproof, EMI-resistant, vibration-tolerant, low-power, and corrosion-resistant. Optical fiber sensing is highlighted as a promising next-generation substrate
• A low-cost system by Daniel and colleagues at the University of Kuala Lumpur in 2024 uses an Arduino Uno, thermistor, and pulse oximeter for about 50 dollars, recording an average resting pulse of 77.8 beats per minute and a body temperature of 36.7 Celsius
• A waterproof device for offshore divers by Barbosa and colleagues at PUC-Rio in Brazil uses a chest belt with an RS-485 connection over the umbilical cable, showing that wired transmission often beats wireless since Bluetooth does not propagate through water
• A triboelectric smart mat by Wang and colleagues, published in 2022, identifies people by their gait with 94.44% accuracy using a neural network, reframing the problem from measuring the person to measuring the space